【目的】 研究深圳地区婴幼儿肺炎患儿的中医体质类型分布规律及其与临床症状、护理相关指标（住院时间、发热持 续时间等）的关联性。【方法】 选取2024年6月至2025年2月于广州中医药大学附属深圳宝安中医院（即深圳市宝安区中医院） 儿科病区确诊为肺炎的289例婴幼儿作为研究对象。通过现场调查，收集患儿的一般资料、临床症状、体征、影像学检查及 实验室指标，填写中医体质调查问卷，了解患儿的体质信息。总结数据，运用卡方检验、Fisher精确检验、独立样本t检验、 Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验等统计方法分析结果。【结果】（1）共收集 289 例患儿，其中男性 151 例（52.2%）， 女性138例（47.8%），性别比例无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。年龄分布方面，0～1岁95例（32.9%）、1～2岁78例（27.0%）、2～3岁 116 例（40.1%），各年龄段性别构成差异无统计学意义（P=0.246）。体质类型分布：平和质 68 例（23.5%），气郁质 62 例 （21.5%），阴虚质 43例（14.9%），痰湿质 37例（12.8%），其余体质（气虚质、特禀质等）共 79例（27.3%）。体质类型与性别无 显著关联（P=0.717）。（2）症状方面，289例患儿中，发热（98.6%）、咳嗽（93.1%）、精神不振（94.1%）、食欲差（92.4%）为最常 见症状，但不同体质类型间的症状（除气促、食欲差外）占比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。肺部体征方面，平和质患儿肺 部有湿啰音、呼吸频率加快等体征占比均较低，而湿热质、阳虚质患儿肺部有湿啰音、呼吸频率加快等体征占比均较高； 不同体质类型患儿在肺部有湿啰音的占比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），而在呼吸频率加快的占比差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。发热时间方面，非平和质患儿（气郁质、阴虚质等）的发热时间显著长于平和质（P＜0.01），其中以阳虚质患儿的发热 时间最长。住院时间方面，各体质类型之间的住院时间差异无统计学意义（P=0.928）。（3）实验室指标方面，平和质患儿的白 细胞水平（8.99 × 109 /L）与其他体质类型无显著性差异（P=0.415），但中性粒细胞水平在气郁质（59.55%）、痰湿质（59.20%）、 阳虚质（57.30%）中显著低于平和质（61.72%，P＜0.05或 P＜0.01）。淋巴细胞水平在各体质类型间无显著性差异（P=0.359）。 影像学检查方面，各体质类型在胸片结果（如小片状阴影、肺纹理增粗等）上均无显著性差异（P＞0.05），均以无阴影和轻度 增粗为主。【结论】 婴幼儿肺炎患儿的中医体质类型以平和质、气郁质和阴虚质为主；体质类型在发热时间、中性粒细胞水 平上存在差异，非平和质患儿的发热时间更长，提示体质可能影响疾病进程，因此应针对性加强非平和质患儿的体温监测 及呼吸道护理管理，以期缩短病程。

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） constitution types and their associations with clinical symptoms and nursing-related indicators （e.g.，hospitalization duration， fever duration） in infants with pneumonia in the Shenzhen area. Methods A total of 289 infants diagnosed with pneumonia in the Pediatric Ward of Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine （Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group） from June 2024 to February 2025 were selected as the study subjects. Through on-site surveys，general information， clinical symptoms， signs， imaging findings， and laboratory indicators were collected， and TCM constitution questionnaires were completed to obtain the information of children’s constitutions. Data were summarized and analyzed using statistical methods including chi-square test，Fisher’s exact test，independent samples t-test， Mann-Whitney U test， and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results （1） A total of 289 children were included， comprising 151 males （52.2%） and 138 females （47.8%），with no significant difference in gender ratio （P＞0.05）. Regarding age distribution，95 cases （32.9%） were aged 0-1 year， 78 cases （27.0%） were aged 1-2 years， and 116 cases （40.1%） were aged 2-3 years，with no statistically significant difference in gender composition across age groups （P = 0.246）. The analysis of constitution type distribution showed that 68 cases （23.5%） had balanced constitution， 62 cases （21.5%） had qi-stagnation constitution，43 cases （14.9%） had yin-deficiency constitution， 37 cases （12.8%） had phlegm-damp constitution， and the remaining constitutions （such as qideficiency constitution and inherited special constitution） totaled 79 cases （27.3%）. No significant association was found between constitution type and gender （P = 0.717）.（2） Regarding symptoms， fever （98.6%）， cough （93.1%），lassitude（94.1%） and poor appetite（92.4%） were the most common symptoms among the 289 children， but the proportions of most symptoms （except for shortness of breath and poor appetite） showed no statistically significant differences across constitution types （P＞0.05）. In terms of pulmonary signs，children with balanced constitution had lower proportions of moist rales and tachypnea，while children with damp-heat constitution and yang-deficiency constitution had higher proportions of these signs； the proportion of moist rales showed no significant difference across constitution types （P＞0.05）， whereas the proportion of tachypnea differed significantly （P＜0.01）. Regarding fever duration，children with non-balanced constitutions （e.g.，qi-stagnation constitution， yin-deficiency constitution） had significantly longer fever durations than those with balanced constitution （P＜0.01），with yang-deficiency constitution showing the longest duration. No statistically significant difference in hospitalization duration was observed among constitution types （P = 0.928）.（3） Regarding laboratory indicators， white blood cell levels in children with balanced constitution （8.99 × 109 /L） showed no significant difference compared to other constitution types （P = 0.415），but neutrophil levels were significantly lower in qistagnation constitution （59.55%）， phlegm-damp constitution （59.20%）， and yang-deficiency constitution （57.30%） compared to balanced constitution （61.72%， P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Lymphocyte levels showed no significant differences across constitution types （P = 0.359）. Imaging examinations revealed no significant differences in chest X-ray findings （such as mininal areas of patchy density and increased lung markings） among constitution types （P＞0.05）， with most cases showing no shadows or mild markings. Conclusion The TCM constitution types of infantile pneumonia are predominated by balanced constitution，qi-stagnation constitution， and yin-deficiency constitution. Differences in fever duration and neutrophil levels among constitution types suggest that the constitution may influence disease progression，with non-balanced constitutions experiencing longer fever durations. Therefore， targeted enhancement of temperature monitoring and respiratory care management for children with non-balanced constitutions is recommended to shorten the disease course.

R259.631

广东省基础及应用基础研究-区域联合基金-青年基金项目（编号：2022A1515110851）