[关键词]
[摘要]
【目的】 探索老年性骨质疏松症(SOP)的中医证素特征及中医证型分布规律,为中医治疗 SOP 提供参考依据。 【方法】 采用横断面研究方法,选取2022年1月至2023年6月在无锡市惠山区中医医院就诊的200例70岁以上SOP患者作为 观察对象,收集一般情况及中医四诊信息,采用证素辨证学积分的研究方法进行观察。【结果】(1)200例SOP患者的中医病 位证素占比最高为肾(61.50%),其他从高到低依次为肝(48.50%)、筋骨(45.50%)、脾(37.00%)、经络(25.50%)、心 (12.50%)、肺(10.50%)等;经统计学分析,肾、肝、筋骨、脾、经络的证素积分均明显高于心、肺,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.01)。(2)200 例 SOP 患者的中医病性证素中,虚性证素的占比最高为阳虚(52.50%),其他从高到低依次为血虚 (46.00%)、精亏和气虚(各占45.50%)、阴虚(37.00%)、不固(25.50%)、气陷(15.50%)等;经统计学分析,阳虚、血虚、精 亏、气虚、阴虚的证素积分均明显高于不固和气陷,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实性证素的占比最高为寒(47.00%), 其他从高到低依次为血瘀(45.00%)、气滞(43.50%)、湿(34.50%)、痰(27.50%)、热(25.00%)等;经统计学分析,寒、血瘀 的证素积分均明显高于痰证素,寒、血瘀、气滞、湿、痰的证素积分均明显高于热证素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 (3)证型分布方面,共获取了18种中医证型。其中,以脾肾阳虚证的出现频率最高(40.00%),其他从高到低依次为肝血亏虚 证(37.50%),肾精不足证(35.00%),气滞血瘀证(31.00%),寒凝痹阻证(25.50%),痰湿阻滞证(27.50%),气阴两虚、气失 固摄证(11.00%)等。而根据证素积分值确定主要中医证型,分别为脾肾阳虚证(35.60%)、肝血亏虚证(25.13%)、肾精不足 证(18.32%)、气滞血瘀证(13.09%)等。【结论】 肾、脾、肝气血阴阳亏虚,兼有寒凝、血瘀、气滞是SOP患者的中医证素特 征,其主要中医证型为脾肾阳虚证、肝血亏虚证、肾精不足证和气滞血瘀证。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements and the distribution patterns of TCM syndromes in senile osteoporosis (SOP), providing a reference for TCM treatment of SOP. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 SOP patients aged over 70 years treated at Wuxi Huishan Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. General information and TCM diagnostic data were collected. The syndrome element differentiation scoring method was employed for analysis. Results (1) Among the 200 SOP patients, the most prevalent disease-location syndrome element was kidney (61.50%),followed by liver (48.50%),bones and tendons (45.50%),spleen (37.00%),meridians (25.50%), heart (12.50%),and lung (10.50%). Statistical analysis showed significantly higher syndrome element scores for kidney,liver,bones and tendons,spleen,and meridians compared to heart and lung (P<0.01).(2) Regarding disease-nature syndrome elements, deficiency-type elements predominated, with yang deficiency (52.50%) being most common, followed by blood deficiency (46.00%), essence depletion (45.50%), qi deficiency (45.50%), yin deficiency (37.00%),unconsolidation (25.50%),and qi sinking (15.50%). Yang deficiency, blood deficiency,essence depletion,qi deficiency,and yin deficiency scores were significantly higher than those of insecurity and qi sinking,the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01). Among excess-type elements, cold (47.00%) was most prevalent, followed by blood stasis (45.00%), qi stagnation (43.50%), dampness (34.50%),phlegm (27.50%),and heat (25.00%). Cold and blood stasis scores were significantly higher than phlegm,while cold,blood stasis,qi stagnation,dampness,and phlegm scores were significantly higher than heat,the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) Eighteen TCM syndrome patterns were identified. Spleen-kidney yang deficiency (40.00%) was most frequent, followed by liver blood deficiency (37.50%), kidney essence insufficiency (35.00%),qi stagnation and blood stasis (31.00%),cold congelation and obstruction (25.50%),phlegm-damp obstruction (27.50%),and qi-yin deficiency with qi insecurity (11.00%). Based on syndrome element scores, the primary syndromes were defiined as spleen-kidney yang deficiency (35.60%), liver blood deficiency (25.13%), kidney essence insufficiency (18.32%), and qi stagnation and blood stasis (13.09%), etc. Conclusion The characteristic TCM syndrome elements of SOP patients involve qi-blood-yinyang deficiency of kidney,spleen,and liver,combined with cold congelation,blood stasis,and qi stagnation. The main TCM syndromes are spleen-kidney yang deficiency, liver blood deficiency, kidney essence insufficiency,and qi stagnation with blood stasis.
[中图分类号]
R274.9
[基金项目]
江苏省无锡市卫健委科技成果与适宜技术推广项目(编号:T202430);江苏省无锡市卫健委科研面上项目(编号:M202114); 江苏省基础研究计划资助项目(编号:BK20231147);江苏省无锡市青年托举人才行动项目(编号:TJXD-2025-221)