【目的】 通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS）结合多元统计分析中药配伍对半夏厚朴汤化学成分的影响，使用 神经炎症和神经损伤细胞模型揭示主要差异成分是否具有抑制神经炎症和神经损伤活性。【方法】（1）以 UPLC-MS分析半夏 厚朴汤水煎液及分煎液（单味药煎煮后合并）的化学成分，正交偏小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）分析配伍前后的差异成分。 （2）应用脂多糖（LPS）刺激BV2细胞构建神经炎症模型，细胞计数试剂盒8（CCK-8）法检测细胞活性，Griess法测定细胞一氧 化氮（NO）的含量，酶联免疫吸附分析（ELISA）检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）的含量。（3）LPS刺 激的 BV2细胞培养基（LPS-CM）与 SH-SY5Y细胞共培养，建立神经损伤模型，采用 CCK-8法检测细胞活性。【结果】 UPLCMS结合 OPLS-DA分析得到半夏厚朴汤配伍前后的差异性成分 11个，特别是厚朴酚、和厚朴酚在配伍后显著增加。在神经 炎症模型中，LPS刺激可增加BV2细胞中促炎因子NO、TNF-α、IL-1β含量升高，5、10 μg/mL的厚朴酚、和厚朴酚均可抑 制BV2细胞促炎因子的含量。在神经损伤模型中，LPS-CM可诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡，5、10 μg/mL的厚朴酚、和厚朴酚均 可抑制LPS-CM诱导的神经损伤。【结论】 厚朴酚、和厚朴酚在半夏厚朴汤配伍后含量显著增加，能抑制小胶质细胞炎症因子 释放和神经元凋亡，其可能是半夏厚朴汤抑制神经炎症和神经损伤的主要活性成分。

Objective To investigate the influence of herbal compatibility on the chemical composition of Banxia Houpo Decoction （BHD） using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） coupled with multivariate statistical analysis， and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of key differential components against neuroinflammation and neuronal injury using cellular models. Methods（1）UPLC-MS analysis of chemical constituents in co-decoction and separated decoction （individual herbs decocted separately then combined） of Banxia Houpo Decoction，followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLSDA） to identify differential components before and after herbal compatibility （2） BV2 microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to establish a neuroinflammation model. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit 8（CCK-8） assay. Nitric oxide （NO） levels were measured by the Griess method，while TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.（3） SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were co-cultured with conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated BV2 cells （LPS-CM） to model neuronal injury. Cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Results UPLC-MS/OPLS-DA identified 11 differential components between compatibility methods， with honokiol and magnolol showing significant post-compatibility increases. In the neuroinflammation model，LPS stimulation elevated NO，TNF-α and IL-1β levels in BV2 cells， which were suppressed by 5，10 μg/mL honokiol or magnolol. In the neuronal injury model，LPS-CM induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis， while 5， 10 μg/mL honokiol or magnolol attenuated this damage. Conclusion Herbal compatibility significantly enhances honokiol and magnolol content in BHD. These components inhibit microglial inflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis， suggesting their role as primary active constituents mediating BHD's neuroprotective effects.

R282.5

国家青年科学基金资助项目（编号：32100819）；广东省中医药局科研项目（编号：20221214）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金 区域联合基金青年基金项目（编号：2023A1515110740）