【目的】 观察针刺人迎穴对高血压的治疗作用及机制。【方法】 将自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）随机分为模型组、人迎组（每 组 6 只），将 6 只 Wistar-Kyoto（WKY）大鼠作为空白组。人迎组针刺双侧人迎穴，每日 1 次，连续干预 5 d，休息 2 d，共干 预 4 周。于干预前以及干预后第1、2、3、4周，分别测量各组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压和舒张压。干预结束后，采集各组大鼠 的粪便和血浆样本，利用 16S rDNA 高通量测序技术分析大鼠肠道菌群的变化，1H NMR 技术检测血浆中代谢物的差异。 【结果】（1）干预前，模型组和人迎组大鼠的收缩压、舒张压均显著高于空白组（P＜0.05）。针刺干预后，人迎组在2、3、4周的 收缩压、舒张压均显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。4周干预后，模型组的收缩压、舒张压较干预前显著升高（P＜0.05），而人迎 组收缩压、舒张压较干预前则显著下降（P＜0.05）。在4周的干预过程中，人迎组收缩压、舒张压波动幅度明显较小，血压 控制较模型组平稳。（2）菌群检测结果：与空白组比较，模型组特有的操作分类单元（OTU）数量减少了39种，而人迎组特有 的OTU数量增多，更趋近于空白组的水平。（3）β多样性的非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）显示，针灸干预显著影响了SHR肠道 微生物群落的多样性。在门水平上，3组大鼠的肠道菌群主要由厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门和髌骨菌门构成，其中髌骨 菌门在模型组中的相对丰度有所增加，在人迎组中则有所降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在属水平上，模型组拟杆菌 属、粪球菌属的相对丰度减少，人迎组拟杆菌属、粪球菌属的相对丰度高于模型组（P＜0.05）。（4）LEfSe分析显示，人迎组中 Clostridia_vadinBB60_group 和 Alistipes_sp_CHKCI003 菌属显著富集，模型组则更多集中于 unclassified_Clostridia_UCG_014。 （5）1H NMR检测大鼠血浆中代谢产物后进行正交信号校正/偏最小二乘（OSC-PLS）分析发现，各组大鼠血浆代谢物差异显著， 针刺人迎穴可以改变乙酸盐和氧化三甲胺（TMAO）的含量。【结论】 针刺人迎穴可以显著降低SHR的收缩压和舒张压，其作用 机制可能通过调整肠道菌群结构，改善肠道微生物紊乱状态，促进有益菌群的增加及有害菌群的减少，并通过调节与乙酸 盐和TMAO相关的代谢途径来调整血压。

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of acupuncture at Renying（ST9） on hypertension. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） were randomly divided into a model group and a Renying group 6 rats in each group，with six Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） rats serving as the blank control group. The Renying group received bilateral acupuncture at Renying point once daily for 5 consecutive days，followed by a 2- day rest，for a total of 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured via tail-cuff plethysmography before intervention and at weeks 1， 2， 3， and 4 after intervention. After the intervention， fecal and plasma samples were collected. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiota composition， and 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to detect plasma metabolite differences. Results （1） Before intervention， systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the model and Renying groups were significantly higher than those in the blank group （P＜0.05）. After acupuncture intervention，the Renying group exhibited significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures than the model group at weeks 2，3，and 4（P＜0.05）. After 4 weeks，the model group showed significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with baseline （P＜0.05）， whereas the Renying group exhibited significantly decreased pressures （P＜0.05）. Throughout the intervention， the Renying group demonstrated smaller blood pressure fluctuations and more stable control than the model group. （2）Microbiota analysis： Compared with the blank group， the model group had 39 fewer unique operational taxonomic units （OTUs）， whereas the Renying group showed increased unique OTUs， approaching levels observed in the blank group.（3） NMDS analysis of β-diversity revealed that acupuncture significantly altered gut microbial diversity in SHRs. At the phylum level， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， Verrucomicrobia， and Patescibacteria dominated gut microbiota composition. Patescibacteria abundance was significantly increased in the model group but decreased in the Renying group （P＜0.05）. At the genus level，Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium abundances were reduced in the model group but higher in the Renying group （P＜0.05）.（4） LEfSe analysis indicated significant enrichment of Clostridia_vadinBB60_group and Alistipes_sp_CHKCI003 in the Renying group，whereas unclassified_Clostridia_UCG_014 was more prevalent in the model group.（5） OSC-PLS analysis of 1H NMR-detected plasma metabolites revealed significant intergroup differences， with Renying acupuncture altering acetate and trimethylamine N-oxide （TMAO） levels. Conclusion Acupuncture at Renying points significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressures in SHRs， possibly by modulating gut microbiota structure，ameliorating microbial dysbiosis，promoting beneficial bacterial growth，suppressing harmful bacteria， and regulating acetate- and TMAO-related metabolic pathways.

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广东省基础与应用基础研究项目（编号：20201910240000367）