[关键词]
[摘要]
【目的】 分析维持性血液透析(MHD)患者的中医证型分布以及健脾益肾排毒法对 MHD 不同证型患者的临床疗效。 【方法】 选取符合纳入标准的173例患有慢性肾脏病(CKD)5期于2019年10月至2024年10月期间在广州市中西医结合医院行 MHD治疗的患者作为研究对象,对其中医证型分布进行统计分析,并以是否使用健脾益肾排毒法2周以及证候分型情况分 为脾肾气虚证组25例、脾肾阳虚证组39例和对照组109例,收集患者基本资料以及实验室指标进行分析,验证健脾益肾排 毒法的疗效。【结果】(1)证型分布方面:本虚证中以脾肾气虚证和脾肾阳虚证占多数,标实证中以湿浊证和瘀血证占多数。 (2)疗效方面:合并应用健脾益肾排毒法可以辅助提高治疗疗效,有效降低肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素 C(Cys-C)水 平,并且能辅助提高血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(ALB)水平(P<0.05);在钙磷代谢方面,可见脾肾气虚证组的血磷(P+ )水 平下降(P<0.05),治疗组(包括脾肾气虚证组和脾肾阳虚证组)的血钙(Ca2+ )水平升高(P<0.05)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)的结 局组间无差别(P>0.05);在血脂代谢方面,3组间的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密 度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在透析龄方面,脾肾气虚证组和脾肾阳虚证组患者的透析龄 均较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。【结论】 MHD 患者的本虚证以脾肾气虚证和脾肾阳虚证为主,标实证以湿浊证和瘀血证为 主;临床对于MHD患者,应给予辨证论治干预,应用健脾益肾排毒法治疗能有效延缓MHD患者的肾功能下降,改善患者的 钙磷代谢以及升高Hb、ALB水平。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To analyze the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Yishen Paidu Therapy (mainly with the actions of strengthening spleen, tonifying kidney, and removing toxins) across different syndrome types. Methods A total of 173 patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing MHD at Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine between October 2019 and October 2024 were enrolled. Statistical analysis was performed on TCM syndrome distribution. Patients were categorized into three groups based on whether they received Jianpi Yishen Paidu Therapy for 2 weeks and their syndrome differentiation: spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group (n=25),spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome group (n=39), and control group (n=109). Baseline data and laboratory parameters were collected to assess therapeutic efficacy of Jianpi Yishen Paidu Therapy. Results(1) Among deficiency patterns,spleen-kidney qi deficiency and spleenkidney yang deficiency syndromes predominated;among excess syndromes,dampness-turbidity and blood stasis syndromes were most common. (2) Adjunctive Jianpi Yishen Paidu therapy enhanced treatment efficacy by decreasing serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),and cystatin C (Cys-C) levels while increasing hemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (ALB)(P<0.05). Regarding calcium-phosphorus metabolism,the spleenkidney qi deficiency group showed reduced serum phosphorus (P+)(P<0.05), while both treatment groups (spleen-kidney qi/yang deficiency) exhibited elevated serum calcium (Ca2+ )(P<0.05) but with no intergroup difference in parathyroid hormone (PTH)(P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] among the three groups(P>0.05). Dialysis vintage was significantly shortened in both treatment groups versus controls (P<0.05). Conclusion MHD patients primarily exhibit spleen-kidney qi/yang deficiency syndromes (deficiency in the origin syndrome) and dampness-turbidity/blood stasis syndromes (excess in the superficiality syndrome). Syndrome differentiation-based intervention with Jianpi Yishen Paidu Therapy effectively delays renal function decline,improves calcium-phosphorus metabolism,and elevates Hb and ALB levels in MHD patients.
[中图分类号]
R277.5
[基金项目]
贵州省中医药、民族医药科学技术研究专项(编号:QZYY-2024-107); 广州市科技计划项目(编号:24HDQYLH26)