应激是生物体对内、外源性刺激的一种非特异的适应性反应，有助于维持机体内环境稳态。然而当应激反应的程度超过机体适应阈值，即可诱发多种疾病。乳腺癌发病率和死亡率高居女性恶性肿瘤前列，乳腺病领域首位国医大师林毅教授创立“六郁治乳”理论，认为六郁是乳腺癌发生发展的核心病机，而六郁与机体应激反应系统密切相关，中医药在调整应激稳态平衡领域有特色优势。该文基于中医经典理论、“六郁治乳”理论及现代应激理论，提出“应激治乳”学说，阐释应激因素介导乳腺癌发生发展的病机特性、致病特点、分子机制，提出基于应激稳态调控的核心思想和辨治原则，总结“应激治乳”理论指导下的遣方用药。“应激治乳”理论的构建丰富了中医乳腺癌理论体系，有望为改善乳腺癌患者的临床预后提供新路径。

Stress is a non-specific adaptive response of organisms to internal and external stimuli，which helps maintain the homeostasis of the body’s internal environment.However，when the stress response exceeds the body’s adaptation threshold，a variety of diseases will be induced. The morbidity and mortality of breast cancer rank the highest among female malignant tumors. Professor LIN Yi，the first master of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）in the field of breast diseases who founded the theory of‘treating breast diseases from the perspective of six stagnations’，believes that six stagnations are the core pathogenesis of breast cancer，and six stagnations are closely related to the body’s stress response system.TCM has unique advantages in adjusting the balance of stress homeostasis.By reviewing the classical TCM theory，the theory of‘treating breast diseases from the perspective of six depressions’and the modern stress theory，this paper put forward the theory of‘stress-based breast cancer prevention & treatment’，and expounded the pathogenesis features，pathogenic characteristics and molecular mechanism of stress factors in mediating the development and progression of breast cancer. Moreover，the core idea and treatment principle based on the regulation of stress homeostasis were proposed，and the prescription and medication guided by the theory of‘stress-based breast cancer prevention & treatment’were summarized.The establishment of the theory of‘stress-based breast cancer prevention & treatment’enriches the theoretical system of breast cancer in TCM，and is expected to provide a new approach for improving the clinical prognosis of breast cancer patients.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目 （编号：82374446，82074165)；省部共建中医湿证国家重点实验室 （编号：SZ2021ZZ19）；广东省科技计划项目 （编号：2021A0505030059，2022B1515230002，2023B1212060063）；2020广东省科技创新战略专项资金 （粤港澳联合实验室） 项目 （编号：2020B1212030006）；广东省中医院院内专项项目 （编号：YN2023MS31）