【目的】探讨麻黄定喘汤辅助治疗对过敏性哮喘患儿气道炎症、重塑及辅助性T细胞1 （Th1） /辅助性T细胞2 （Th2） 失衡 的调节作用。 【方法】将126例痰热壅肺型急性发作期过敏性哮喘患儿随机分为观察组与对照组，每组各63例。对照组给予 常规西医治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上加用麻黄定喘汤治疗，总疗程为14 d。观察2组患儿治疗前后肺功能指标[第一秒用 力呼气量 （FEV1） 和峰值呼气流速 （PEF） ]、气道炎症指标[痰液中的中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细数、单核细胞百分比 和白细胞介素6 （IL-6） 、肿瘤坏死因子α （TNF-α） ]、气道重塑指标[气道管壁面积 （WA） 、气道管腔面积 （LA） 、气道总面积 （TA） ]以及Th1/Th2细胞因子 [干扰素γ （IFN-γ） 、白细胞介素4 （IL-4） ]水平的变化情况，并评价2组患儿的临床疗效和安全 性。 【结果】（1） 疗效方面，治疗14 d后，观察组的总有效率为93.65% （59/63） ，对照组为80.95% （51/63） ，组间比较 （χ2 检验） ， 观察组的疗效明显优于对照组 （P＜0.05） 。 （2） 肺功能指标方面，治疗后，2组患儿的肺功能指标FEV1和PEF值均较治疗前显 著升高 （P＜0.01） ，且观察组的升高幅度均明显优于对照组 （P＜0.05） 。 （3） 气道炎症指标方面，治疗后，2组患儿痰液中的中 性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞百分比和IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显降低 （P＜0.05） ，淋巴细胞百分比均较治疗 前明显升高 （P＜0.05） ，且观察组对痰液中的中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞百分比和IL-6、TNF-α水平的降低幅度 及对淋巴细胞百分比的升高幅度均明显优于对照组 （P＜0.05） 。 （4） 气道重塑指标方面，治疗后，2组患儿的WA值均较治疗前 降低 （P＜0.05） ，LA、TA值均较治疗前升高 （P＜0.05） ，且观察组对WA值的降低幅度及LA、TA值升高幅度均明显优于对照 组 （P＜0.05） 。 （5） Th1/Th2细胞因子方面，治疗后，2组患者的血清IFN-γ水平和IFN-γ/IL-4比值均较治疗前明显升高 （P＜ 0.05） ，血清IL-4水平均较治疗前明显降低 （P＜0.05） ，且观察组对血清IFN-γ水平和IFN-γ/IL-4比值的升高幅度及对血清 IL-4水平的降低幅度均明显优于对照组 （P＜0.05） 。 （6） 安全性方面，2组患儿治疗期间均未见严重不良反应，心电图、血常 规、肝功能检查及心率、血压等安全性指标均未见明显异常。 【结论】麻黄定喘汤有助于缓解过敏性哮喘患儿气道炎症、重 塑，调节Th1/Th2失衡，改善患儿肺功能，疗效肯定，安全性好。

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Mahuang Dingchuan Decoction on airway inflammation， airway remodeling and imbalance of helper T cell 1 （Th1） / helper T cell 2 （Th2） in children with allergic asthma. Methods A total of 126 children with allergic asthma of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung type at acute attack stage were randomly divided into observation group and control group，with 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine，and the observation group was treated with Mahuang Dingchuan Decoction on the basis of treatment for the control group. The total course of treatment for the two groups covered 14 days. Before and after treatment，the two groups were observed in the changes of lung function indicators of forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1） and peak expiratory flow （PEF） ，airway inflammation indicators of neutrophil count，lymphocyte count，eosinophil count，monocyte percentage and levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor- α（TNF-α） in the sputum，airway remodeling indicators of airway wall area（WA）， airway lumen area （LA） and airway total area （TA） ，and levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines of gamma-interferon （IFN-γ） and interleukin 4 （IL-4） . After treatment，the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated. Results （1） After 14 days of treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.65% （59/63） ，and that of the control group was 80.95%（51/63） . The intergroup comparison （tested by chi-square test） showed that the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group（P＜0.05） . （2）After treatment，the values of pulmonary function indicators of FEV1 and PEF in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment （P＜0.01） ，and the increase in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group（P＜0.05） . （3）The analysis of airway inflammation indicators showed that the percentages of neutrophils，eosinophils and monocytes and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the sputum of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05） ，and the percentage of lymphocytes was significantly higher than that before treatment（P＜0.05） . The decrease of the percentages of neutrophils， eosinophils and monocytes and the levels of IL-6 and TNF- α in the sputum as well as the increase of the percentage of lymphocytes in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group （P＜0.05） . （4） After treatment，the value of airway remodeling indicator of WA in the two groups was lower （P＜0.05） and the values of LA and TA were higher than those before treatment （P＜0.05） . The decrease of WA value and the increase of LA and TA values in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group （P＜0.05） . （5） The observation of Th1 / Th2 cytokines showed that the serum IFN-γ level and IFN-γ / IL-4 ratio in the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment （P＜0.05） ，and the serum IL-4 level was significantly lower than that before treatment （P＜0.05） . The increase of serum IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and the decrease of serum IL-4 level in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group （P＜0.05） . （6） No serious adverse reactions were found in the two groups during the treatment，or no obvious abnormalities were found in the safety indicators such as electrocardiogram，blood routine test，liver function examination，heart rate and blood pressure. Conclusion Mahuang Dingchuan Decoction is beneficial to alleviating airway inflammation and airway remodeling in children with allergic asthma， regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance，and improving lung function in children，with definite effective and high safe.

R259.755

国家自然科学基金资助项目 （编号：81970865）