方法论是影响科学研究及价值的重要因素，且方法论需以与此相适应的世界观为指导才能实现其存在价值。中医学 理论体系丰富又庞杂，在其发展过程中各有其相适应的基本方法和方法论。但由于对中医学方法论研究的不深入或者未能 系统总结其方法论与理论构建的关系，导致部分研究者对中医理论的科学性提出疑问。因此，针对中医学方法论与理论构 建开展相关工作，总结其一般内容与特征，梳理中医学方法论指导下的中医学理论构建的一般过程，对于提升中医学理论 研究，促进中医临床思维能力的进步等具有一定的积极作用。该文概述了中医学方法论的相关研究，探讨了中医学方法论 与中医学理论构建的关系，并从研究的问题与起始、研究的范式与更替、术语和概念等的界定、研究方法与模型、应用的 范围与局限、实践的积累与理论的拓展等方面阐释中医学方法论指导下的中医学理论构建的一般过程与方法。通过探讨方 法论指导下的中医学理论构建研究的一般过程与方法，将有助于进一步从顶层设计的角度审视中医学理论的科学性、完整 性，从而促进中医学理论体系的研究以及为新的中医理论构建提供参考。

Methodology，shaped by its underlying worldview，constitutes a critical determinant of scientific inquiry and its value. The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）is both extensive and intricate， with its historical development being accompanied by corresponding foundational methods and methodological frameworks. However，insufficient in-depth investigation into TCM methodology，coupled with a lack of systematic synthesis of its relationship with theoretical construction，has led some researchers to question the scientific validity of TCM theories. Therefore， related research on TCM methodology and its theoretical construction needs to be conducted to summarize its general content and characteristics，and to elucidate the common procedure of TCM theory development under the guidance of methodology，which holds significant values for promoting TCM theoretical research and increasing TCM clinical reasoning competency. This article provided an overview of research pertinent to TCM methodology，explored the relationship between TCM methodology and its theoretical construction，and explicated the common procedure and methods involved in the construction of TCM theory under the guidance of methodology，which comprised the following aspects：research subjects and their origins，research paradigms and paradigm shifts，definition of terminology and concepts，research methods and models，scope and limitations of the application，and the interplay between clinical experience accumulation and theoretical extension. The exploration of the common procedure and methods involved in the construction of TCM theory under the guidance of methodology will contribute to re-examining the scientific rigor and integrity of TCM theory from a top-level design standpoint，and it will further facilitate the research on TCM theoretical system and provide reference frameworks for the construction of novel TCM theories.

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广东省中医药局科研项目（编号：20254055, 20254056）；广州市科技计划项目-基础与应用基础研究专项（编号：2024A04J2927）； 广东省中医院中医思维研究室建设项目（编号：01020123）；广东省中医院优秀中医临床人才研修项目（中医二院〔2024〕88 号）；广州中医药 大学2024 年度人文社会科学培育项目（编号：2024ZXPY 13）