【目的】鉴别文山阳春砂及其伪品红壳砂。【方法】对文山阳春砂及其伪品红壳砂的外观性状特征、横切面显微特征、 挥发性成分等进行对比鉴别分析。【结果】①外观性状：文山阳春砂多类圆球形，表面浅黄棕色、棕色或紫棕色，果实顶端 钝，种子20 ~ 54 粒，气香，味微苦涩、微辛凉；红壳砂长橄榄形或长椭圆形，表面红棕至红褐色，毛刺片状稀疏，花被残 基明显，种子团干瘪紧实，种子粒径小，多至90 粒，具有明显花香味。②显微特征：文山阳春砂种子横切面种皮表皮细胞 斜径向类方形，壁略均匀增厚，下皮细胞1 列，偶见向种皮表皮细胞层乳状凸起，色素层3 ~ 5 列细胞；红壳砂种子横切面 种皮表皮细胞侧壁及内壁均匀增厚，外壁较厚，下皮细胞1 列，极扁小，无色素层，薄壁细胞3 ~ 4 列，不规则状。③挥发 油成分：文山阳春砂中左旋乙酸龙脑酯（44.90%）和左旋樟脑（23.08%）占主导地位，而红壳砂则以反式-橙花叔醇、芳樟醇和 β-石竹烯为主，左旋乙酸龙脑酯（0.91%）和左旋樟脑（0.79%）含量极低。【结论】文山阳春砂与红壳砂在外观性状、横切面显 微特征及挥发油成分方面均存在一定差异，据此可对二者进行鉴别。

Objective To differentiate between Amomum villosum Lour. and its adulterant Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. Methods Comparative analysis was conducted on the morphological characteristics， microscopic features of cross-sections，and volatile components of Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. Results ① Morphologically，Amomum villosum Lour. appears mostly spherical with a pale yellow-brown，brown，or purplish-brown surface；the fruit apex is blunt，containing 20-54 seeds， and exhibits an aromatic odor with a slightly bitter，astringent，and mildly pungent-cool taste. In contrast， Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. is elongated olive-shaped or elliptical，with a reddish-brown to russet surface，sparse scale-like prickles，and a distinct floral residue at the base. Its seed mass is dry，compact，and contains up to 90 small seeds，accompanied by a pronounced floral fragrance. ②Microscopically，the cross section of Amomum villosum Lour. seeds shows an epidermis of obliquely radial square-like cells with slightly uniformly thickened walls，one layer of hypodermal cells，occasional papillate protrusions toward the epidermal layer，and 3-5 layers of pigmented cells. Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. seed cross-sections display epidermal cells with uniformly thickened lateral and inner walls，a thicker outer wall，one layer of extremely flattened and small hypodermal cells，absence of a pigmented layer，and 3 –4 layers of irregularly shaped parenchyma cells. ③ Regarding to Volatile oil composition，l-bornyl acetate（44.90%）and l-camphor（23.08%） predominate in Amomum villosum Lour.，whereas Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. is primarily characterized by trans-nerolidol，linalool，and β -caryophyllene，with minimal contents of l-bornyl acetate （0.91%）and l-camphor（0.79%）. Conclusion Significant differences exist between Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu et al. in terms of morphological traits，microscopic cross-sectional features， and volatile oil composition，which can be utilized for their identification.

R285.5

广东省中药材保护品种质量体系构建项目（编号：E2-6212-19-112-004）；张丹雁全国老药工传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人 教函〔2024〕255 号）