[关键词]
[摘要]
【目的】探讨基于中医辨证分型的子宫内膜异位症(EM,内异症)患者的抑郁、焦虑现状及其相关影响因素。【方法】通 过横断面调查,对2019 年1 月至2024 年4 月就诊于中国中医科学院广安门医院的EM 患者进行问卷调查,通过焦虑自评量表 (SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)等专业量表评估焦虑、抑郁情况,并采用单因素和多因素Logistic 回归分析确定相关影响因素。 【结果】(1)共纳入EM 患者974 例,经SDS、SAS 评定为抑郁的有305 例(31.31%),评定为焦虑的有206 例(21.15%),均以轻 度抑郁和轻度焦虑为主。中医证型分布方面,气滞血瘀证491 例,占比最多,达50.41%;其他从高到低依次为气虚血瘀证 (255 例,26.18%)、寒凝血瘀证(131 例,13.45%)、其他证型(97 例,9.96%)。其中,不论是SDS 还是SAS,均以气滞血瘀证 的平均分最高。(2)单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:体质量指数(BMI),慢性盆腔痛,痛经视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,内异 症临床类型中的卵巢型、腹膜型、深部浸润型,美国生殖医学学会(ASRM)分期Ⅲ-Ⅳ期,复发,注射促性腺激素释放激素 激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗,中医辨证分型中的气滞血瘀证及其他证型为EM 患者发生抑郁的可能影响因素(P<0.05 或P<0.01); 痛经VAS 评分、内异症临床类型中的卵巢型和深部浸润型、手术、ASRM 分期Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、复发、注射GnRH-a 和口服中药汤 剂治疗、中医辨证分型中的气滞血瘀证和其他证型为EM 患者发生焦虑的可能影响因素(P<0.05 或P<0.01)。(3)多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示:痛经VAS 评分(OR:1.081,95%CI:1.033 ~ 1.130,P = 0.001)、复发(OR:1.761,95%CI: 1.203 ~ 2.579,P = 0.004)、气滞血瘀证(OR:1.676,95%CI:1.238 ~ 2.268,P = 0.001)为EM 患者发生抑郁的危险因素;痛 经VAS 评分(OR:1.059,95%CI:1.008 ~ 1.113,P = 0.022)、手术(OR:2.160,95%CI:1.398 ~ 3.337,P = 0.001)、复发 (OR:2.160,95%CI:1.398 ~ 3.337,P = 0.001)、合并其他慢性病(OR:1.724,95%CI:1.140 ~ 2.605,P = 0.010)、气滞血 瘀证(OR:1.429,95%CI:1.022 ~ 1.998,P = 0.037)为EM 患者发生焦虑的危险因素。【结论】痛经VAS 评分、复发、气滞血 瘀证是EM患者合并焦虑、抑郁的独立危险因素,而手术、合并其他慢性病是合并焦虑的危险因素。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the current status of depression and anxiety and their influencing factors in patients with endometriosis(EM)based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among EM patients treated at Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,from January 2019 to April 2024. Questionnaires were administered,and anxiety and depression were assessed using standardized scales including the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and the Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify relevant influencing factors. Results(1)A total of 974 EM patients were enrolled. According to SDS and SAS scores,305 patients(31.31%)were classified as having depression,and 206 patients(21.15%)were classified as having anxiety,with mild depression and mild anxiety being the predominant types. Regarding the distribution of TCM syndromes,the qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was the most prevalent,accounting for 491 cases (50.41%),followed by qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(255 cases,26.18%),cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome(131 cases,13.45%),and other syndromes(97 cases,9.96%). The highest average scores of SDS and SAS were observed in patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.(2)Univariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index(BMI),chronic pelvic pain,Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)score for dysmenorrhea,clinical types of endometriosis(ovarian,peritoneal,deep infiltrating), American Society for Reproductive Medicine(ASRM)stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,recurrence,treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a),and TCM syndromes(qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and other syndromes)were potential influencing factors for depression in EM patients(P<0.05 or P<0.01). VAS score for dysmenorrhea,clinical types of endometriosis(ovarian and deep infiltrating),surgery,ASRM stage Ⅲ- Ⅳ, recurrence,treatment with GnRH-a,treatment with Chinese herbal decoction,and TCM syndromes(qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and other syndromes)were potential influencing factors for anxiety in EM patients(P<0.05 or P<0.01).(3)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified VAS score for dysmenorrhea (OR:1.081,95%CI:1.033-1.130,P = 0.001),recurrence(OR:1.761,95%CI:1.203-2.579,P = 0.004), and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome(OR:1.676,95%CI:1.238-2.268,P = 0.001)as risk factors for depression in EM patients. Risk factors for anxiety included VAS score for dysmenorrhea(OR:1.059,95%CI: 1.008-1.113,P = 0.022),surgery(OR:2.160,95%CI:1.398-3.337,P = 0.001),recurrence(OR:2.160, 95%CI:1.398-3.337,P = 0.001),presence of other chronic diseases(OR:1.724,95%CI:1.140-2.605, P = 0.010),and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome(OR:1.429,95%CI:1.022-1.998,P = 0.037). Conclusion VAS score for dysmenorrhea,recurrence, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome are independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression in EM patients,while surgery and the presence of other chronic diseases are risk factors for anxiety.
[中图分类号]
R271.9
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82074485)